- Author
- Carpenter, D. J. | Verdonik, D. P. | DiNenno, P. J. | Williams, F. W.
- Title
- U.S. Navy Halon 1211 Replacement Plan. Part 1. Development of Halon 1211 Alternatives.
- Coporate
- Hughes Associates, Inc., Baltimore, MD Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC
- Report
- NRL/MR/6180-99-8410, November 1, 1999, 70 p.
- Keywords
- halon 1211 | halon alternatives | fire suppression | fire fighting | fire extinguishing agents | literature reviews
- Abstract
- The U.S. Navy and the U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) currently use five firefighting agents for suppressing fires on flightlines and flightdecks: water, Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF), Halon 1211, potassium bicarbonate (PKP), and carbon dioxide (CO2) [NATOPS, 1994]. While each of these agents is potentially effective for flammable liquids and other combustibles typically encountered on flightlines and flightdecks, each has advantages or disadvantages for a particular application. AFFF and water are the primary agents while PKP, Halon 1211 and CO2 are secondary agents used with the primary agent or alone. The secondary agent is used alone in those situations where the primary agent is not the best choice. It is used in combination with the primary agent when increased effectiveness may result. While AFFF is very effective in fighting pool fires and providing cooling, it is limited in fighting three-dimensional and deep seated, hidden fires. The three secondary agents are better than AFFF in fighting three-dimensional fires and hidden fires but do not provide effective cooling or burnback protection. An important distinction among the five agents is the potential for causing collateral damage. Halon 1211 is recognized as the agent that will cause the least collateral damage. While Halon 1211 and CO, may both be considered 'clean,' CO2 under extreme circumstances may cause collateral damage due to thermal shock or electrostatic discharge. PKP and AFFF are not clean agents and may cause considerable collateral damage. For this reason, Halon 1211 has become the agent of choice in many aviation firefighting applications. The ability to reduce or eliminate collateral damage has been shown to be particularly important for engine fires and internal electrical fires. The aircraft may be placed back into service more quickly and at a lower cost when soley Halon 1211 is used to extinguish the fire.