- Author
-
Paul, K. T.
|
Hull, T. R.
|
Lebek, K.
|
Stec, A. A.
- Title
- Fire Smoke Toxicity: The Effect of Nitrogen Oxides.
- Coporate
- Bolton Univ., UK
- Journal
-
Fire Safety Journal,
Vol. 43,
No. 4,
243-251,
May 2008
- Keywords
-
nitrogen oxides
|
smoke
|
toxicity
|
nitric oxide
|
nitrogen dioxide
|
fire safety
|
safety engineering
|
fire hazards assessment
|
chemical analysis
|
animals
|
fire tests
|
equations
|
enclosures
|
ventilation
|
temperature
|
cone calorimeters
|
stability
|
human beings
|
FT-IR
|
water
|
hazard analysis
- Identifiers
- determination and application of toxic potency data; formation of nitrogen oxides in fire; typical nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide concentrations for compounds tested to IEC 60695-7-50 and ISO TS 19700, steady state tube furnace methods; typical fire effluent temperatures in IEC 60695-7-50, 50 and ISO TS 19700 bench scale tests; typical nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide concentrations for compounds tested to ISO 5660, cone calorimeter test; response of humans and rats to inhaled nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide; relationship between temperature and the formation of nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide and dinitrogen tetroxide; reported values for the reaction rate constant for the conversion of nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide; reported times for nitric oxide and oxygen mixtures to generate low concentrations (2.2 or 5 ppm) of nitrogen dioxide; solubility of gases in water; mean concentrations (ppm) of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide in the opening of the ISO room for different ventilation scenarios; times for different concentrations of nitric oxide to form hazardous concentrations of nitrogen dioxide at ambient temperature extrapolated from published data