infrared analysis; fabric treatments; preparation of samples; physical tests; heat of reaction; infrared examination
Abstract
Cotton cellulose when exposed to an ignition source will decompose and produce gases which ignite, propagate the flame and heat, and further decompose the cellulose until only a feathery ash remains. Cotton may be made flame-retardant by treatment with chemical finishes that change the course of normal thermal decomposition and combustion reactions so that flaming does not occur. Flame retardant cellulose will decompose to produce a large carbonaceous char and will not readily propagate a flame. Phosphorus-containing compounds in combination with nitrogen or with a halogen are the most widely used durable (washfast) flame retardants.