- Author
- Gwynne, S. M. V. | Kuligowski, E. D.
- Title
- Simulating a Building as a People Movement System.
- Coporate
- Hughes Associates, Inc., Baltimore, MD National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
- Journal
- Journal of Fire Sciences, Vol. 27, No. 4, 343-368, July 2009
- Keywords
- people movement | simulation | human beings | ingress | egress | human behavior | human response | human performance | scenarios
- Identifiers
- People Movement System (ICE); examples of the procedures employed given the phase of movement and scenario; six degrees of simulation; EXODUS - prototype egress model designed to simulate the evacuation of large numbers of individuals from an enclosure; estimates people movement patterns; assesses people movement patterns; predicts egress behavior from fundamental principles; answers key engineering questions; runs simulations during an event/incident; allows the user to interact with the simulation
- Abstract
- Egress models are being used more frequently to simulate people movement; i.e., how people enter, use, and leave a building. However, little has been written on the different phases of people movement over the lifecycle of the building that can be examined and how these models may achieve this. In addition, little has been written on how these phases interact. This interaction may be due to these different phases occurring simultaneously or when an individual's experience in one phase (e.g., entering a building) influences another (e.g., route selection when leaving). This paper presents six modes in which an egress model can be applied: Naïve, Operational, Predictive, Engineered, Real-Time, and Interactive. The paper describes what is needed to enable these application modes, in terms of data, expertise, and model functionality and the benefits that these modes provide. These modes should appear in the same model enabling a comprehensive and integrated representation of people movement, and the factors that influence it, to be produced.