- Author
-
Guenette, C.
|
Sveum, P.
|
Buist, I.
|
Aunaas, T.
|
Godal, L.
- Title
- In-Situ Burning of Water-in-Oil-Emulsions.
- Coporate
- SINTEF Applied Chemistry, Trondheim, Norway
- Report
-
STF21 A94053; NIST SP 995; Volume 2
June 10, 1994; March 2003
170 p.
- Keywords
-
in situ combustion
|
emulsions
|
oil spills
|
ignition
|
soot
|
experiments
|
in situ burning
- Abstract
- This report describes an experimental program on the in-situ burning of emulsions. This study is the third in a series of experimental studies on the in-situ burning of water-in-pol emulsions. The main objective of this study was to improve the capabilities and reduce the limitations of existing systems for ignition water-in-oil emulsions. A secondary objective was to study the feasibility of ferrocene as a soot reducing agent for oils and emulsions, and was incorporated into the experimental program. The experimental work for this research project was accomplished by conducting small-scale laboratory burns and heat transfer experiments, and by conducting meso-scale field experiments under Arctic springtime conditions. Experiments conducted to study emulsion burning processes revealed that: in order to ignite and burn the emulsion, water is first removed from the emulsion and released mainly through evaporation and that the temperature of the water-in-oil emulsions does not exceed approximately 100 deg C. Improvements were made to an existing ignitier technology. It was found that the addition of emulsion breakers to gelled crude oil can increase the effectiveness of this igniter when dealing with emulsions with water contents greater than 50%. Experiments with ferrocene show this compound to be an effective soot inhibitor when mixed with oil or emulsions at concentrations as low as 0.13 wt%. Ferrocene may have some effect on the burning process but further testing is required to confirm this.