- Author
- Thaning, L. | Winter, S. | Nyren, K.
- Title
- Formation and Spreading of Flammable and Toxic Gas Clouds: A Survey of the Current Knowledge and Need for Research. (Abstract in English)
- Coporate
- National Defence Research Establishment, Sweden
- Report
- FOA Report E40036, September 1988, 105 p.
- Keywords
- toxic gases | flammable gases | aerosols | evaporation | topography | pressure vessels
- Identifiers
- heavy gas cloud
- Abstract
- The activities in this field of research has been very limited at the Swedish National Defence Research Establishment since 1982. The aim of this study of the literature was to survey the state of the art to get a basis for future national research efforts. The current situation as regards general knowledge and modelling appeared to be fairly good within the following areas: * source strength associated with a leak from the liquid space in pressure vessels, * gas escape from boiling liquid pools, * heavy gas dispersion in open and flat terrain. Modelling appeared to be absent or uncertain within the following areas: * evaporation from subcooled ground deposits, * formation of liquid pools due to impaction and rain out, * initial entrainment and spreading associated with large instantaneous releases, * spreading of heavy gases in landscapes with complicated topography or large roughness (forest, urban areas...).