- Author
-
Benner, B. A., Jr.
|
Bryner, N. P.
|
Wise, S. A.
|
Mulholland, G. W.
|
Lao, R. C.
|
Fingas, M. F.
- Title
- Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions From the Combustion of Crude Oil on Water.
- Coporate
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
Environment Canada, Ottawa
- Journal
-
Environmental Science and Technology,
Vol. 24,
No. 9,
1418-1427,
1990
- Keywords
-
crude oil
|
water
|
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
|
emissions
|
combustion
|
pool fires
|
carbon
|
in situ burning
- Identifiers
- Alberta Sweet crude oil
- Abstract
- This work involved an investigation of some of the factors necessary to assess the environmental impact of an in situ burn: the fraction of an oil layer that can be burned, the quntity of smoke, and the concentrations of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the smoke, crude oil, and burn residue. Alberta Sweet crude in 2-, 3-, 5-, 10-, and 30-mm layers on water was burned and smoke samples were collected at elevated and ambient temperatures, and analyzed by two independent laboratories. While burning the crude oil produced less total PAHs than were in the original crude oil, the concentrations of PAHs with five or more rings were 10-20 times greater in the smoke than in the oil. The organic carbon fraction of the smoke was in the range of 14-21%. As the fuel layer thickness was increased from 2 to 10 mm, the smoke yield increased from 0.035 to 0.080 g of smoke/g of fuel, and the percentage of oil residue decreased from 46 to 17%. By consuming much of the oil spill and reducing the amount of PAHs in the water, and by dispersing the combustion products over a larger area, in situ burning can mitigate the local environmental impact of an oil spill. There appears to be a range of conditions, such as in Arctic ice fields, where in situ burning might be the most viable cleanup method.