- Author
-
Hirano, T.
|
Suzuki, T.
|
Sato, J.
|
Ohtani, H.
- Title
- Flame Spread Over Crude Oil Sludge.
- Coporate
- Tokyo Univ., Japan
Ibaraki Univ., Japan
Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries, Co., Ltd., Tokyo Japan
- Book or Conf
- Combustion Institute, Symposium (International) on Combustion, 20th. August 12-17, 1984,
Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, PA,
Ann Arbor, MI,
1611-1618 p.,
1985
- Keywords
-
flame spread
|
flash point
- Abstract
- Fire spread over crude oil sludge has been studied to explore the fire growth process in the cargo bay of a crude oil tanker during cutting and welding repairs. The aspects of flame spread have been examined in detail and the variation of flame spread phenomena with the fraction of n-hexane (typical volatile component) in sludge is presented. The flame spread rate is shown to increase as the n-hexane fraction in sludge increases. The temperature distributions in the sludge as the flame spreads over it were derived from temperature-time diagrams. The distance of heat penetration behind the leading flame edge decreased with the increase of flame spread rate. By comparing the flame spread rates over the sludge to those over single component liquid or solid combustibles, it is inferred that the dominant mode of heat transfer for flame spread over sludge is conduction through the still unliquefied sludge. In considering the behavior of a volatile component in the condensed phase of a mixture with nonvolatile components, the rate determining step of vaporization of thevolatile component is taken to be its diffusion through the condensed phase. A flammable lqyer cannot be established over sludge at room temperature even when the sludge temperature is above the flash point measured by a close cup method. The increse of the spread rate with the fraction of volatile component of the sludge is attributed to the appreciable increase of the vapor fraction near the leading flame edge due to the temperature increase.