- Author
-
Kusuda, T.
|
Collins, B. L.
- Title
- Simplified Analysis of Thermal and Lighting Characteristics of Windows: Two Case Studies. Final Report.
- Coporate
- National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC
- Sponsor
- Energy Research and Development Administration, Washington, DC
Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, DC
- Report
-
NBS BSS 109
February 1978
- Distribution
- Available from National Technical Information Service
- Keywords
-
windows
|
architecture
|
human factors engineering
- Abstract
- Results of a simplified analysis for annual heating, cooling, and lighting requirements associated with windows are presented. The analysis includes the effects of window size, heat transfer, solar shading, and compass orientation for typical commercial and residential modules located in a climate typical of Washington, D.C. Three different modes of operation with respect to heating and cooling requirements through windows were assessed: external loads only; external and internal; and external, internal, and daylight. In addition, the effects of selective fenestration heat-transfer management, such as planned employment of thermal shutters and shading devices, and off-hour temperature setback were considered. This analysis assumed that daylight could replace or supplement artificial light whenever it could supply a specified minimum level of illumination. The use of daylight was found to offer the greatest potential for reducing energy costs, particularly when combined with selective fenestration management.