- Author
- Paul, K. T. | Hull, T. R. | Lebek, K. | Stec, A. A.
- Title
- Fire Smoke Toxicity: The Effect of Nitrogen Oxides.
- Coporate
- Bolton Univ., UK
- Journal
- Fire Safety Journal, Vol. 43, No. 4, 243-251, May 2008
- Keywords
- nitrogen oxides | smoke | toxicity | nitric oxide | nitrogen dioxide | fire safety | safety engineering | fire hazards assessment | chemical analysis | animals | fire tests | equations | enclosures | ventilation | temperature | cone calorimeters | stability | human beings | FT-IR | water | hazard analysis
- Identifiers
- determination and application of toxic potency data; formation of nitrogen oxides in fire; typical nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide concentrations for compounds tested to IEC 60695-7-50 and ISO TS 19700, steady state tube furnace methods; typical fire effluent temperatures in IEC 60695-7-50, 50 and ISO TS 19700 bench scale tests; typical nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide concentrations for compounds tested to ISO 5660, cone calorimeter test; response of humans and rats to inhaled nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide; relationship between temperature and the formation of nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide and dinitrogen tetroxide; reported values for the reaction rate constant for the conversion of nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide; reported times for nitric oxide and oxygen mixtures to generate low concentrations (2.2 or 5 ppm) of nitrogen dioxide; solubility of gases in water; mean concentrations (ppm) of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide in the opening of the ISO room for different ventilation scenarios; times for different concentrations of nitric oxide to form hazardous concentrations of nitrogen dioxide at ambient temperature extrapolated from published data