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Author
Friedman, R. | Urban, D. L.
Title
Contributions of Microgravity Test Results to the Design of Spacecraft Fire Safety Systems. Technical Memorandum.
Coporate
NASA Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, OH
Sponsor
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC
Report
NASA TM-106093; AIAA-93-1152, March 1993,
Distribution
Available from National Technical Information Service
Contract
WU-323-53-62
Book or Conf
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. AHS/ASEE Second (2nd) Aerospace Design conference. February 16-19, 1993, Irvine, CA, 1-13 p., 1993
Keywords
reduced gravity | spacecraft | fire safety | aerospace safety | combustion products | extinguishing | flammability | smoke detectors | space statons | weightlessness
Abstract
Experiments conducted in spacecraft and drop towers show that thin-sheet materials have reduced flammability ranges and flame-spread rates under quiescent low-gravity environments (microgravity) compared to normal gravity. Furthermore, low-gravity flames may be suppressed more easily by atmospheric dilution or decreasing atmospheric total pressure than their normal-gravity counterparts. The addition of a ventilating air flow to the low-gravity flame zone, however, can greatly enhance the flammability range and flame spread. These results, along with observations of flame and smoke characteristics useful for microgravity fire-detection "signatures", promise to be of considerable value to spacecraft fire-safety designs. The paper summarizes the fire detection and suppression techniques proposed for the Space Station Freedom and discusses both the application of low-gravity combustion knowledge to improve fire protection and the critical needs for further research.