- Author
-
Manzello, S. L.
|
Park, S. H.
|
Cleary, T. G.
- Title
- Investigation on the Ability of Glowing Firebrands Deposited Within Crevices to Ignite Common Building Materials.
- Coporate
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
- Journal
-
Fire Safety Journal,
Vol. 44,
No. 6,
894-900,
August 2009
- Keywords
-
fire brands
|
building materials
|
ignition
|
fuel beds
|
wildland urban interface
|
wildland fires
|
forest fires
|
experiments
|
cameras
|
surface temperature
|
air flow
|
plywood
|
smoldering ignition
|
heat transfer
|
mass transfer
|
equations
|
time lag
|
flow fields
|
smoldering ignition
|
flaming ignition
|
fire tests
|
ignition delay
|
equations
- Identifiers
- oriented strand board (OSB); glowing firebrand ignition data; averaged delay time in intense smoke generation for four firebrand impingement experiments at the airflow of 2.4 m/s; schematic of the fire emulator/detector evaluator (FE/DE) used to provide airflow for the ignition tests; heat and mass transfer process around the firebrand deposited onto the fuel bed
- Abstract
- A series of experiments was conducted to determine the range of conditions that glowing firebrands may ignite common building materials. The surface temperature of glowing firebrands burning under different applied airflow was quantified using an infrared camera. As the applied airflow was increased, the surface temperature of glowing firebrands was observed to increase. A crevice was constructed using plywood and oriented strand board (OSB) and the angle was varied to investigate the influence that this parameter has on promoting ignition after contact with glowing firebrands. The number of firebrands deposited within the constructed crevices was varied. Single firebrands were unable to ignite the materials used in this study over a range of applied airflows. For the tightest fuel bed angle of 60°, the glowing firebrands deposited on the fuel bed always resulted in smoldering ignition. For plywood, contact with glowing firebrands produced smoldering ignition followed by a transition to flaming ignition. At the fuel bed angle of 90°, no definitive ignition behavior was observed for either material; different ignition criteria (either no ignition or smoldering ignition) were observed under identical experimental conditions. As the fuel bed angle was increased up to 135°, ignition never occurred for both test fuel beds. For a given airflow and fuel bed material, the ignition delay time was observed to increase as the fuel bed angle was increased. A large difference was observed in the ignition delay time for plywood and OSB at a fuel bed angle of 90°. Based on these ignition results, the critical angle for ignition exists between 90° and 135° at a given airflow. These results clearly demonstrate that firebrands are capable of igniting common building materials.