- Author
-
Jones, R. K.
- Title
- Effects of Weather on Flammability of Oils.
- Coporate
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA
- Sponsor
- U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC
- Report
-
CG-D-04-00; NIST SP 995; Volume 2
September 1999; March 2003
52 p.
- Distribution
- AVAILABLE FROM National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Technology Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA 22161. Telephone: 1-800-553-6847 or 703-605-6000; Fax: 703-605-6900. Website: http://www.ntis.gov
- Keywords
-
petroleum
|
flammability
|
flash point
|
evaporation
|
weather effects
|
crude oil
|
oils
- Abstract
- Many crude oils and fuel oils are flammable and pose a significant fire hazard if not handled properly. When an oil is accidentally spilled and exposed to the environment, the flammability characteristics of the oil can change significanty as it evaporates. A numerical weathering model that simulates the weathering and consequent changes in flammability was developed. The time required for a representative group of flammable oils to weather to a non-flammable state under various spill conditions was estimated. The effects of the level of mixing caused by environmental factors were closely examined. Results of simulations indicate that flammable crude oils weather very slowly when there are no natural mixing mechanisms at work. In these cases weathering times are very sensitive to the thichness of the oil. In contrast, if there are effective mechanisms for mixing the oil, it weathers much more quickly and the weathering time is less sensitive to thickness. Simulations indicate that flammable fuel oils are less likely to become non-flammable during weathering. Weathered gasoline remains flammable until it is almost completely evaporated.