- Author
-
Sarvaranta, L.
|
Kokkala, M.
- Title
- Smoke Production in Fires.
- Coporate
- VTT-Technical Research Center of Finland, Espoo
- Report
-
VTT Research Notes 1708,
1995,
33 p.
- Keywords
-
smoke production
|
fire protection
|
aerosols
|
combustion
|
fire tests
|
fire hazards
|
smoke points
|
size distribution
|
mass optical density
- Identifiers
- smoke data
- Abstract
- Characterization of smoke, factors influencing smoke production and experimental methods for measuring smoke production are discussed in this literature review. Recent test-based correlation models are also discussed. Despite the large number of laboratories using different fire testing methods, published smoke data have been scarce. Most technical literature on smoke production from building materials is about experimental results in small scale tests. Compliations from cone calorimeter tests have been published for a few materials, e.g., upholstered furniture materials and some building products. Mass optical density data and compilations ofgravimetric soot data are available for various materials as well as a number of smoke obscuration values. For a given material often a wide range of values of smoke output can be found in the literature and care should be excercised in applying the appropriate value in each case. Little information is available in scientific literature concerning modelling or predictive correlations between small scale smoke data and real fires or large scale test results. The scale dependence of the rate of smoke production is genreally not well know. There seems to be some evidence that the early stages of certain full scale scenarios can be predicted, whereas post-flashover smoke production cannot yet be resolved. Flow-through systems have been suggested as one means of obtaining correlations between small scale and large scale data.