- Author
-
Ingason, H.
|
Werling, P.
- Title
- Experimental Study of Smoke Evacuation in a Model Tunnel.
- Coporate
- FOA Defence Research Establishment, Tumba, Sweden
- Report
-
FOA-R-99-01267-311-SE
October 1999
27 p.
- Distribution
- AVAILABLE FROM National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Technology Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA 22161. Telephone: 1-800-553-6847 or 703-605-6000; Fax: 703-605-6900; Rush Service (Telephone Orders Only) 800-553-6847; Website: http://www.ntis.gov
- Keywords
-
tunnels
|
smoke
|
evacuation
|
ventilation
|
visibility
|
optical density
|
mass flow
|
flow rate
|
computational fluid dynamics
|
fire spread
- Identifiers
- longtiudinal ventilation; exhaust ventilation
- Abstract
- The present study show the influence of longitudinal ventilation on the efficiency of thermal and mechanical point exhaust ventilation in tunnels. Smoke spread were documented along a model tunnel measuring 20 m long, 2 m wide and 1 m high. The cross-section (1 x 2 m) is about 1:8 of a full-scale road tunnel. One side of the tunnel consisted of a fire resistant window glass. The window (20 m) was used to visually observe and document the smoke spread. The visibility in the smoke was measured at various locations using optical density meters. Temperatures, velocities, mass flow rates and radiation along the tunnel were also measured. These data can be used for validation of CFD codes. The fire source was stationary and each test was run for 12 minutes. The fire size varied from 30 to 80 kW, which corresponds to full-scale fires of 5 to 15 MW. The fuel for the pool fire was kerosene. The ventilation arrangement and the longitudinal velocities were varied. Exhaust shafts were mounted along the tunnel, both thermal and mechanical. The exhaust flow rate varied between 0.1 m3/s to 2.7 m3/s which corresponds to 18 m3/s to 488 m3/s in full scale. The longitudinal velocities ranged from 0 to 2 m/s, which corresponds 0 to 5.6 m/s in full scale.