- Author
-
Liu, X.
|
Quintiere, J. G.
- Title
- Flammability Properties of Clay-Nylon Nano-Composites.
- Coporate
- Federal Aviation Administration, Atlantic City International Airport, NJ
- Report
-
THESIS,
December 2004,
183 p.
- Keywords
-
nanocomposites
|
clay
|
nylon
|
flammability measurements
|
cone calorimeters
|
dispersion
|
combustion
|
thermal properties
|
ignition
|
polymers
|
burning rate
|
heat release rate
|
heat transfer
|
kinetics
|
mass loss
|
convective heat transfer
|
oxygen concentration
|
energy release
|
heat flux
|
heat of combustion
|
charring
- Identifiers
- experimental set-up and procedure; experiment observations; residue; experimental results; ignition characteristics and properties; thermo-chemical properties of the polymers; method for measuring heat release rate; convective heat transfer coefficient of the cone calorimeter; FORTRAN program for kinetic modeling; experimental data of nanocomposites; experimental results of convective heat transfer coefficient
- Abstract
- A Cone Calorimeter device has been used to measure the flammability properties of samples with different clay dispersion on the nanometer (molecular) scale. Specifically, chemical energy release rate, mass loss rate, and time to ignite (melt and char also) were measured. Samples consisting of pure Nylon 6 and Nylon with nano-clay additives of 2 and 5% were: used in the study. In addition, the effect of thickness is considered for 1.6 to 24 mm. Data obtained over a range of radiant heat flux (17 to 55 k/m2) were analyzed to illustrate the effect of clay loading and thickness on heat of combustion, heat of gasification and ignition temperature. The finding indicated that the heats of combustion based on mass loss did not change with loading, and were 28 +/- 1 kJ/g. The critical heat flux for ignition also did not appear to be influenced by the additive, decreased from 17.7 to 16.0 for pure nylon to 5% clay addition. These values correspond to roughly an inferred ignition temperature of 430°c, compared to a decomposition temperature range from TGA of 350 to 430°c. However, the addition of the clay could increase the ignition time by 30 to 100% over the pure nylon. This is believed due to the increased char residue and decrease in mass loss rate accordingly. lrhe residue char-like yield was nearly identical to the clay loadings. The overall average mass loss rate was reduced by up to 50% for 5% clay over pure nylon for a given heat flux and thickness. For the clay nano-composites, the burning rate increased as the thickness decreased.