- Author
- Manzello, S. L. | Cleary, T. G. | Shields, J. R. | Yang, J. C.
- Title
- Urban-Wildland Fires: On the Ignition of Surfaces by Embers.
- Coporate
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
- Report
- E3 - Fire Research III/Paper E12,
- Book or Conf
- Combustion Institute/Western States, Central States and Eastern States. Fourth (4th) Joint Meeting of the U.S. Sections. Hosted by The Eastern States Section of the Combustion Institute and Drexel University. E3 - Fire research III/Paper E12. March 20-23, 2005, Philadelphia, PA, 1-6 p., 2005
- Keywords
- combustion | urban fires | wildland fires | ignition | moisture content | wood | geometry | computational fluid dyanmics | transport processes | experiments
- Identifiers
- single ember ignition studies; glowing ember ignition data for single ember impact on pine needle beds; glowing ember ignition data for single ember impact into shredded paper beds; flaming ember ignition data for single ember impact in pine needle beds; flaming ember ignition data for single ember impact into shredded paper beds; glowing ember ignition date for multiple ember impact upon pine needle beds
- Abstract
- An experimental apparatus has been built to investigate the ignition of surfaces as a result of impact with burning embers. The apparatus allowed for the ignition and deposition of both single and multiple embers onto the target surface. The moisture content of the surfaces used was varied and the test surfaces considered were pine needle beds and shredded paper beds. Embers were simulated by machining wood (pinus ponderosa) into small disks of uniform geometry and the size of the disks was varied. Ember simulation was necessary since it is difficult to capture and characterize embers from an actual burning object. The ember ignition apparatus was installed into the Fire Emulator / Detector Evaluator (FE/DE) to investigate the influence of an air flow on the ignition propensity of a surface. Results of this study are presented.